In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effects of a supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to isoimmunization was evaluated on 60 neonates.

No significant difference was observed before 36h. No difference was observed on the duration of phototherapy, used in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. However, 36h after supplementation, serum total bilirubin level was significantly lower in neonates supplemented with LGG compared to neonates supplemented with placebo (p = 0.01). Moreover, the meconium evacuation was significantly more frequent on the second and third day of life in the probiotic supplemented group than in the placebo supplemented group (p = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively).

In conclusion, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG do not affect serum total bilirubin levels in the first 24 hours of life or duration of phototherapy in neonates with jaundice caused by blood group incompatibility, but prevents hyperbilirubinemia in this population from 36 hours of life. 

Mutlu M, Aslan Y, Kader Ş, Aktürk Acar F. Preventive Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Caused by Isoimmunization. Am J Perinatol. 2019 Jun 26.